Hn na, da leo l loi thc phm gip gim cn vy nn nghin cu ra sn phm nc ung t da leo c th to ra sn phm va gii kht, thanh nhit v gip gim cn cho cc i tng mun lm p. Nghin cu sn xut loi nc ny s lm phong ph thm sn phm cho cc doanh nghip. Mc ch ca ti xut c quy trnh cng ngh sn xut th nghim ung t da leo v mt ong. Ni dung nghin cu Ni dng nghin cu gm: Tm hiu tng quan v nguyn liu, thnh phn khi lng v thnh phn ha hc ca nguyn liu. Xc lp quy trnh nghin cu v thc nghim tm cc ch thch hp cho cc cng on sn xut. Sn xut th theo quy trnh tm c, nh gi cht lng sn phm, s b tnh ton chi ph cho mt n v sn phm.

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Ngi dn c thm s la chn thc ung tt cho c th ca mnh. Tng quan v hp- hp nc qu [1],[4] 1. Khi nim hp hp l mt dng thc phm qua cc giai on ch bin c ng trong hp kn cch ly vi mi trng bn ngoi, nh cc qu trnh thanh trng tiu dit vi sinh vt gy h hng nn hp c th bo qun nhit thng trong thi gian di. Lch s pht trin ca hp Ngi c ghi nh sn xut hp u tin l Nicholas Appert ngi Php C s khoa hc ca cng ngh ch bin hp Nguyn liu thc phm nh tht, c, trng, sa, rau qul ngun nguyn liu rt giu dinh dng nh : protein, lipit, glucid, vitamin Tuy nhin, ng vt sau khi git m hoc rau qu sau khi thu hi cht lng ca n suy gim rt nhanh do hot ng ca vi sinh vt v enzyme phn gii.

Ct gi thc phm theo nguyn tc nh ch s sng ca Ia. Nikitin: dng tc nhn khc nhau tiu dit ton b vi sinh vt gy bnh, gy h hng thc phm v lm bin tnh hon ton enzyme. Ngi ta c th s dng cc cch sau: Bo qun bng cht st trng: Cht st trng hay ha cht bo qun l cht v c hay hu c, c tc dng hn ch s pht trin hoc tiu dit vi sinh vt. Khi khuch tn vo t bo vi sinh vt, cht bo qun tc dng vi protit ca cht nguyn sinh, ph hoi s sng v lm cht t bo. Cc cht st trng ph bin l: anhidrit sunfur, axit benzoic, ru etylic, axit acetic, axit sorbic.

Thanh trng bng dng in cao tn: Cc phn t tch in trong sn phm ion, in t s dao ng do tc dng ca in nng, chuyn in nng c hp th thnh nhit nng lm cht vi sinh vt. Tn s dng in cng ln hay bc sng cng ngn th qu trnh thanh trng cng nhanh. V th ngi ta thng dng dng in cao tn thanh trng. Thanh trng bng tia ion ha: Cc tia ion ha tn s dao ng cng cao th c lc m xuyn cng cao. Tc dng dit trng ca cc tia ion ha l thay i cu trc ca mt s phn t protit ca t bo vi sinh vt v lm ion ha dung mi. Hiu qu thanh trng ca tia ion ha ph thuc vo thi gian x l, chiu dy ca thc phm v lng vi sinh vt nhim vo thc phm.

Thanh trng bng siu m: Siu m l sng m c tn s dao ng cao m con ngi khng cm th c. Di tc dng ca siu m, mi trng lng truyn m hp b x y, b p v to chn khng lin tip, sinh ra nhiu khong trng. Lc cc cht ha tan v hi ca cht lng lp tc dn vo cc khong trng y, gy ra tc dng c hc lm cht vi sinh vt trong mi trng. Mt khc trong qu trnh y, mt phn cht kh ha tan b ion ha to ra nc oxy gi, nitro oxi l nhng cht c i vi vi sinh vt. Trong cng ngh hp hin nay, phng php thanh trng bng siu m c s dng nhiu i vi nc qu hn l cc sn phm khc.

Cc qu trnh c bn trong sn xut hp nc qu 1. Nguyn liu Cht lng nguyn liu sn xut cc loi nc qu l yu t u tin quyt nh cht lng sn phm. Bi vy, trc ht cn chn loi rau qu c gi tr dinh dng cao. Nc p qu thng c sn xut t cc loi rau qu cha nhiu dch bo, trong tp trung hu ht cc cht dinh dng c trong qu. Mt s loi qu cht dinh dng khng ch cha trong dch bo m cn cha nhiu cc thnh phn khc phn x c th s dng lm nguyn liu sn xut nc qu nghin. Nh vy mi tn dng trit hn ngun dinh dng c trong qu. Trong cng mt loi qu, cc ging khc nhau s cho cht lng khc nhau.

Ty theo iu kin m sn xut nc qu t ging no. Tuy nhin nn chn ging c cht lng cao nht, tc c hng v, mu sc hi ha, c trng nht cho nc qu. La chn, phn loi Ngay t khi nhn vo c s ch bin, nguyn liu phi la chn, phn loi theo nhng yu cu nht nh. Ra Trong cng ngh ch bin thc phm, ra l cng on khng km phn quan trng, n nhm mc ch loi b tp cht nh bn, t, ct ng thi loi b mt phn vi sinh vt c trong nguyn liu, Yu cu c bn ca qu trnh ra l nguyn liu sau khi ra khng c dp nt, t tn tht cht dinh dng, thi gian ra ngn v t tn nc.

Lm sch Cc loi nguyn liu rau qu hu ht u c thnh phn khng n c hoc km dinh dng v, ht, li ng k so vi khi lng qu. Gia nhit chn, hp Gia nhit nhm mc ch trnh xy ra cc hin tng bin i cht lng. Qa trnh gia nhit s lm cho cc loi enzyme mt hot tnh nht l cc enzyme oxy ha gy bin mu v phn hy mt s thnh phn ha hc. Gia nhit cn lm nguyn liu mm d ch hn, loi bt kh trong gian bo, n nh t chc khi xp hp, tiu dit mt lng vi sinh vt ng k.

Nhit gia nhit thng t oC vi thi gian t pht ty loi nguyn liu. Tuy nhin, gia nhit lm tn tht mt lng cht dinh dng trong rau qu nht l cc cht d bay hi v cc cht ha tan.

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Mt s loi nguyn liu trc khi p, ch khng gia nhit th sau khi p, ch nht thit phi un nng. Mc ch l v hot enzyme, chng bin mu.

Mt khc un. Nghin Mt trong nhng bin php lm tng hiu sut p, ch. Nghin nguyn liu cn lm cho t bo nguyn liu s b dp nt, b ph v, mt tnh bn thm lm cho dch bo thot ra khi t bo nguyn liu. Nghin cn to iu kin tt cho qu trnh truyn nhit vo nguyn liu lm cho tc tng nhit nhanh hn, enzyme chng b tiu dit, rau qu chng mm. Ch, p p nhm thu nhn dch qu trong sn xut nc qu p. T c th ch bin thnh cc dng khc nhau nh: nc qu trong, nc qu c, nc qu c c. Ch nhm thu nhn bt qu dng nguyn pha ch nc qu dng nectar hoc pure.

Gn nh cc loi qu trc khi ch phi gia nhit nguyn liu mm, d ch tng hiu qu thu hi bt qu, ng thi hn ch bin mu. Ch l qu trnh tip xc nhiu nht gia bn thnh phm v khng kh, v vy kh nng b oxy ha lm bin mu rt cao. Phi ch L trn ln hai hay nhiu thnh phn vi nhau to ra sn phm cui cng c mu sc, mi, v, trng thi thch hp vi th hiu ngi tiu dng.

Qa trnh phi ch c thc hin trong cc thng phi ch c trang b cnh khuy trn u. L qu trnh lm cho sn phm lng hoc c c ng nht, cc phn t tht qu c chia nh. Kch thc cc phn t trn cng nh bao nhiu th nc qu sau ny n nh by nhiu, trong qu trnh bo qun cng khng b phn lp.

Ngoi ra, ng ha cn lm tng gi tr cm quan, tng kh nng tiu ha. Bi kh, ghp m, thanh trng Trong nc qu c nhiu khng kh v khng kh tn ti trong cc gian bo rau qu kh ln hoc khi ch bin khng kh bn ngoi xm nhp vo khu nghin, dp, ch, xt, p nguyn liu. Khng kh tn ti trong nc qu s gy ra hin tng oxy ha m r nht l oxy ha cht chat to thnh pheopaphen mu en hoc phn hy cc cht mu. Oxy trong khng kh ph hoi carotene hoc cc vitamin khc.

Rt nc qu vo bao b c th l chai l thy tinh, hp st ty hay cc thng ln. Nu bi kh ghp m bng my ghp chn khng th nc qu khng cn un nng trc, hoc un nng trc khi rt vo bao b ghp m th c th gim bt khu thanh trng. Nu cn thanh trng th thanh trng nhit oC.

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Ty theo dng sn phm v theo loi hp, c hp m c thi gian v nhit thanh trng hp l. Sauk hi thanh trng cn lm ngui nhanh v nhit khng qu 40oC. Tnh hnh pht trin nc gii kht Vit Nam Theo xu th pht trin ca nn kinh t v i sng x hi ngy cng nng cao, nhu cu ca con ngi ngy cng tng cao c bit l nhu cu v thc phm ni chung v v ung ni ring. Trong th trng nc gii kht trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring cng pht trin rt si ng nht l sau khi hip nh thng mi gia Vit Nam v M c k kt.

Trn th trng hin nay c y cc loi nc gii kht ca cc tp on ln nh Coca-Cola, Pepsi-IBC, Wonderfarm Cc cng ty ca Vit Nam cng khng ngng u t pht trin cho ra nhng sn phm mi tng kh nng cnh tranh v p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca th trng. Mt s sn phm nc gii kht ca cc cng ty ln trong nc.

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Thanh, nc yn Ngn Nh, tr sm b ao ca cng ty Tn Quang Minh Cc loi nc gii kht t ng khng gas, khng hng liu, c ngun gc t nhin c nhiu ngi tiu dng a chung. Theo kt qu iu tra th trng 1. Tng quan v da leo [7] 1. Gii thiu chung Ngun gc Cy da leo c tn khoa hc l Cucummis sativus. Tuy nhin hu ht cc loi da leo c mt Chu Phi.

Nhiu ti liu cho rng da leo c ngun gc t chn dy ni Hymalaya ni c nhiu loi hoang di. Va th k th 6, da leo c trng nhiu Trung Quc, Malaysia. T c lan truyn khp cc nc trn th gii, c bit l cc nc vng nhit i. Nhit thch hp trng da leo l oC. Ngi ta dng nh rau ci cho nhng mn salade hay lm da chua. Thn c gc cnh , phn nhnh t, c lng cng. Ba l mng c rng ca, c nhiu lng rm, cung l cm di. Da leo hn din c nhiu dng l trn mt cng mt thn. Hoa, n phi ng chu, trn mt dy c c 2 hoa, hoa c v hoa ci. C i xng trn 5 thnh phn nh cnh, i, tiu nhy, bu non. Hoa c 5 tiu nhy vi nhy khng c chc nng , hp hoa, cung hoa 0, cm di, tiu nhy 3.

Hoa ci, dn c, cung hoa ngn v dy t n 0,5 cm di ko di n phn tri n 5 cm, nhy ci bao gm mt bu non h, tc bu non pha di cnh v i hoa, c lng m chch v mn nh, i hoa hp hnh tam gic di 0, cm, cnh hoa rng hnh chung c thy 2 cm di, mu vng Tri, di, nt nhiu nc, th ph y mn nh hay lng khi chm vo, c th t n 30 cm di v 5 cm ng knh.

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Qu mng nc v cha nhiu ht. Mu sc bin i t non n khi trng thnh v gi khc nhau, t mu xanh n trng tr sang vng. Cc ging i Loan c kch thc x4,cm, qu hnh tr mu xanh nht, gai trng, v qu xanh m. Thnh phn ha hc Bng 1.