The organization's site also allows for data requests. The organization's efforts have made data easily digestible to the population, and their ability to share information is a welcome addition to the accountability and government transparency movement. However, two things are striking; first, the organization's work is primarily targeted to an elite sector of the population — those with Internet access. Newspapers feature extended access to data, but only occasionally. Second, one has to be particularly interested in seeking this information in order to get informed.

Photo: Open Knowledge. Sin embargo, nuevas tecnologías han aumentado las posibilidades del "mapeo de barrios". En Caracas, Enlace Arquitectura, una firma de arquitectura local, inició un proyecto de investigación para mapear el crecimiento de los asentamientos informales desde hasta el presente. Caracas, 4 March — The informal city remains unmapped mainly because of its temporary condition, continuous transformation, and informal character. But recently, new technologies have brought new possibilities to the field of slum mapping.

In Caracas, Enlace Arquitectura, a local architecture firm, began a research project to map the growth of Caracas' informal settlements from to the present. Esta revolución tecnológica ha desafiado el campo de la cartografía y permite a los ciudadanos comunes visualizar y crear mapas de lugares que han permanecido sin mapear.

En Enlace Arquitectura inició un ambicioso proyecto para mapear el crecimiento de los asentamientos informales en Caracas. Los "Barrios", como se les llama en Venezuela, son partes de la ciudad cuya condición física es ambigua. Asimismo, decidieron comparar los mapas de Caracas en cuatro períodos: , , y La metodología para analizar en detalle los patrones de crecimiento ha sido la de utilizar las Unidades de Planificación Física UPF definido por Josefina Baldó y Federico Villanueva en su Plan de Mejoramiento de Barrios de , que dividen los asentamientos informales de Caracas en 24 regiones.

La arquitecto Silva explica que "el estudio muestra que la mayoría de UPFs se constituyeron en y tuvieron un importante crecimiento hasta Los asentamientos informales se encuentran en las laderas y la periferia de la ciudad, y han crecido lentamente hasta hoy Antímano, La Dolorita y Caucaguita , pero algunos pequeños asentamientos informales ubicados dentro del tejido formal se han consolidado y permanecen estables desde El Pedregal y Chapellín.

Por lo tanto, la parte informal de la ciudad no podría ser tan temporal como algunas personas piensan. La metodología utilizada puede ser replicada en otras ciudades para mapear el crecimiento informal. Imagen 2: UPFs en Caracas. Imagen 3: Proyección de la población de Antomano. It was only ten years ago that free and public access to satellite images and maps of the world using web-based mapping products became available.

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Not long ago, official cartography was the only option. Google Maps and Google Earth have allowed for the visualization and navigation of cities easily from personal computers and cellphones. Not only can we consult maps from our cellphones, but we are also able to make collective maps through crowdsourcing online software. Today, aerial pictures can be taken with small and easy-to-use drones. This technological revolution has challenged the field of cartography, allowing citizens to visualize and create maps of places that have remained unmapped.

Such is the case of most informal settlements developed spontaneously without an urban plan. In , Enlace Arquitectura started an ambitious project: to map the growth of informal settlements in Caracas.

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There is vague information about the size of the population living in barrios, only some roads are mapped, and continuous invasions change the area that they occupy. Enlace Arquitectura's research analyzes how formal and informal areas of the city have developed in the last half century in Caracas. They have used this information to project population growth within these areas. Architect Elisa Silva, head of Enlace Arquitectura, explains that "45 percent of people living in Caracas have settled in spontaneously developed territory," which started appearing in Caracas' cartography in They chose to compare the maps of Caracas in four periods: , , , and They have relied on new technology, using Google Maps and aerial images taken with drones to compare maps.

They have chosen five UPFs located in the metropolitan area to study in detail. Architect Silva explains that "the study shows that most UPFs were constituted in and had major growth until After, most of the informal occupation happened outside the metropolitan region of the city. This valuable projection allows them to have an idea of how many people are actually living in these spontaneous settlements. One of the most valuable aspects of mapping informal settlements is that it helps to acknowledge which areas are consolidated, and to realize that the self-built houses in the informal settlements are just as old as the city's first skyscrapers.

Therefore, the informal part of the city might not be as temporary as some people think.

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The methodology used could be replicated in other cities to map informal growth. In June , Enlace Arquitectura will publish their book on Caracas' informal growth and we will be able to learn more about their work showing the growth of informal settlements. Image 1: Informal blue and Formal grey areas of Caracas. Image 2: UPFs in Caracas.

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Image 3: Antomano's population projection. All images belong to Enlace Arquitectura.

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Landmark global decisions over the next 12 months provide opportunities to unlock the potential of cities and improve quality of life for billions worldwide. We sat down with Felipe Calderón, Chair of the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate and keynote speaker at the upcoming Transforming Transportation conference, to learn more about how cities can drive forward sustainable, low-carbon economic growth. Dar es Salaam, 16 January — This article explores how technology is providing insight into the lived experience of Dar es Salaam's residents. Mobile technology is now enabling residents to share their perceptions, giving citizens a voice in the city and a way to express their needs and concerns.

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Mobile technology is not only changing how the city can be navigated but is providing a tool for collecting information and enabling monitoring and evaluation of the urban experience. The contemporary paradigm in urban studies focuses on how to create "smarter" cities — using innovative technology to devise and implement revolutionary designs and programs and thereby repair and redeem the urban dystopia, a key task on humanity's agenda. In Dar es Salaam, technology has become a means to promote technological entrepreneurialism and employment among the population , as well as to map the city itself — in short, technology is becoming a much more powerful means to enable development.

However, within this paradigm we must be critical of our own assumptions about how this development takes place, and who is interconnected within this growing network.

Even within today's "global network society," our technological paradigm, not everyone is systematically connected. Losers are forcefully defined and excluded. It is therefore important to emphasise how technology has been and is being used in the growing mega-city for monitoring and evaluation — and, in particular, the extent to which organisations are relying on technological means to assess public service provision. In the case discussed here, the technological service used is the mobile phone, and the population tapped is the growing number of residents who are active on online social media.

In , it was found that 60 percent of Dar es Salaam's lowest-income households have no access to electricity; that one-quarter of residents were not satisfied with their available health care; and that one of the greatest burdens of their lived experience is water supply. That same year, Dar es Salaam integrated technology into the city's monitoring systems, initiating a mobile survey collecting information on public services access, availability, and quality from residents.

Once collected, this data is reviewed and interpreted to inform and enable Dar es Salaam's future policy, plans, and decision-making.

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Following the responses obtained throughout the city has enabled TWAWEZA to set up an urban forum, "Listening to Dar es Salaam," in which it continues to ask important questions about residents' lived experiences. Join an infectious flamenco dance class given to senior students of the National Ballet School of Canada by two great With this tutorial by Kai Narezo you will learn the phrygian scale for flamenco guitar inside and out with several useful methods on Dazzling display by male Flamenco virtuoso.

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